Description
Royal Pleco
Panaque nigrolineatus
Species Background
The Royal Pleco is a large South American loricariid native to the Orinoco and upper Amazon drainage systems. It inhabits fast-moving rivers and rocky channels rich in submerged wood. Unlike most plecos, this species is a true xylophage, meaning it actively consumes and digests wood as part of its natural diet. This behavior shapes both its husbandry requirements and its reputation as a specialist fish.
Behavior and Temperament
Generally peaceful but territorial toward its own kind and similar large bottom dwellers. Adults prefer defined personal space and will claim favored pieces of driftwood or caves. Not aggressive toward mid- or upper-water fish. Most active during low-light periods.
Adult Size
Mature individuals commonly reach 12–17 inches, with growth slowing significantly after the first several years. Larger specimens represent long-term, established fish rather than fast-grown juveniles.
Water Parameters
Temperature: 75–82°F
pH: 6.2–7.6
GH: 3–12 dGH
KH: 1–6 dKH
Stable conditions matter more than chasing exact numbers. This species tolerates a wider range when acclimated properly.
Diet
Primarily wood-based. Constant access to natural driftwood is mandatory. Supplement with sinking herbivore wafers, high-fiber pellets, blanched vegetables, and occasional protein. Wood is not decoration for this species. It is food.
Tank Requirements
Requires a very large aquarium, typically 180 gallons or more for adult specimens. Strong filtration, high oxygenation, and steady water movement are important. Heavy driftwood structure is essential, both for nutrition and behavioral security. Not suitable for small or lightly filtered systems.
Why They’re Popular
Royal Plecos are kept for their bold striping, massive presence, and unusual wood-eating behavior. They are not impulse fish. Aquarists who keep them appreciate long-term projects, large aquariums, and species that reward patience with stability and character rather than constant activity.
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